Burden of Autoimmune Disorders; A Review
Kimberly Morton Cuthrell *
Saint James School of Medicine, United States.
Nikolaos Tzenios
Public Health and Medical Research, Charisma University, Grace Bay, Turks and Caicos Islands.
Javeria Umber
Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
When immunologic tolerance to auto-reactive immune cells is lost, autoimmune illness manifests as the immune system attacking self-molecules. Numerous autoimmune diseases are strongly predisposed by genetic, viral, and/or environmental factors. Autoimmune diseases include insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, thyroiditis, and multiple sclerosis. These autoimmune diseases are characterized by a variety of problems and symptoms that range from organ-specific to systemic. Autoimmune pathology may have a role in conditions like arteriosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, schizophrenia, and specific forms of infertility. This review consists of a brief explanation and analysis of the immune system and tolerance maintenance, a few autoimmune disorders, immune auto-reactivity mechanisms, and experimental autoimmune models.
Keywords: Autoimmune disease, systemic autoimmune diseases, B- cell tolerance, T- cell tolerance, immunosuppressive/immunocompromised disorders